Schémas/Figures tikz/svg pour la physique

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw (0,0) --++ (1,1) --++ (3,0) --++ (-1,-1) --++ (-3,0);
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(0,2) node [right] {z};
%thick : gras ; very thick : très gras ; ultra thick : hyper gras
\draw (2,0.5) node [left] {O};
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(-1,-1) node [left] {x};
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(2,0) node [below] {y};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\draw[->] (-2,0) -- (2,0);
\draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,2);
\draw node [red] at (-2,1.25) {\scriptsize{Lignes de champ}};
\draw node [blue] at (2,-1.25) {\scriptsize{Equipotentielles}};
\draw[color=red,domain=-3.14:3.14,samples=200,smooth] plot (canvas polar cs:angle=\x r,radius={3*sin(\x r)*3*sin(\x r)*5});
%r = angle en radian
%domain permet de définir le domaine dans lequel la fonction sera tracée
%samples=200 permet d'augmenter le nombre de points pour le tracé
%smooth améliore également la qualité de la trace
\draw[color=red,domain=-3.14:3.14,samples=200,smooth] plot (canvas polar cs:angle=\x r,radius={2*sin(\x r)*2*sin(\x r)*5});
\draw[color=blue,domain=-pi:pi,samples=200,smooth] plot (canvas polar cs:angle=\x r,radius={3*sqrt(abs(cos(\x r)))*15});
\draw[color=blue,domain=-pi:pi,samples=200,smooth] plot (canvas polar cs:angle=\x r,radius={2*sqrt(abs(cos(\x r)))*15});
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\draw[very thin,color=gray] (-pi,pi) grid (-pi,pi);
\draw[->] (-pi,0) -- (pi,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-2) -- (0,2);
\draw[color=red,domain=-pi:pi,samples=150] plot ({\x},{rad(atan(\x))} )node[right,red] {$\arctan(x)$};
\draw[color=blue,domain=-pi:pi] plot ({\x},{rad(-atan(\x))} )node[right,blue] {$-\arctan(x)$};

%Le rad() est une autre façon de dire que l'argument est en radian
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
%papier milli
\draw [very thin, gray!20] (0,-3) grid[step=0.1] (2.5*pi,3);
\draw [very thin, black!20] (0,-3) grid[step=0.5] (2.5*pi,3);
\draw [very thin, black!40] (0,-3) grid[step=1] (2.5*pi,3);
%fin %axes \draw[->,>=stealth] (0,0) -- (2.6*pi,0) node[below right] {$t (ms)$};
%stealth définit un style de flèche, "furtif"
\draw[->,>=stealth] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
\draw (1,0.1) -- (1,-0.1) node [below right] {{\scriptsize $0.2$}}; %échelle abscisse
\draw (0.1,1) -- (-0.1,1) node [left] {{\scriptsize $2V$}}; %échelle ordonnée
%fin
%legende \draw (-2,3) -- (-0.4,3) -- (-0.4,1.9) -- (-2,1.9) -- (-2,3); %cadre
\draw [red] (-1.8,2.7)--(-1.2,2.7) node [right] [red] {$V_E$};
\draw [blue] (-1.8,2.2)--(-1.2,2.2) node [right] [blue] {$V_S$};
%fin
\draw[color=red,thick,domain=0:2.5*pi, samples=150] plot ({\x},{2.5*sin(1.8*\x r + pi/2 r)});
\draw[color=blue,thick,domain=0:2.5*pi, samples=150] plot ({\x},{1.8*sin(1.8*\x r + 1.8*pi r)});
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75]
%papier milli
%\draw [very thin, gray!20] (0,-3) grid[step=0.1] (2.5*pi,3);
%\draw [very thin, black!20] (0,-3) grid[step=0.5] (2.5*pi,3);
%\draw [very thin, black!40] (0,-3) grid[step=1] (2.5*pi,3);
%fin

%axes
\draw[->,>=stealth] (0,0) -- (2.6*pi,0) node[below right] {$t$};
\draw[->,>=stealth] (0,-3) -- (0,3);
%\draw (1,0.1) -- (1,-0.1) node [below right] {{\scriptsize $0.2$}}; %échelle abscisse
%\draw (0.1,1) -- (-0.1,1) node [left] {{\scriptsize $2V$}}; %échelle ordonnée
%fin

%legende
\draw (2,3) rectangle (5.8,4.5); %cadre
\draw [red] (2.2,4.0)--(3.2,4.0) node [right] [red] {Amplitude};
\draw [blue, dotted, thick] (2.2,3.4)--(3.2,3.4) node [right] [blue] {Vitesse};

%dotted : style de tracé pointillé avec des points, dashed : pointillés avec des tirets

%fin

\draw[color=red,thick,domain=0:2.5*pi, smooth, samples=150] plot ({\x},{2.5*sin(1.8*\x r + pi/2 r)});
\draw[color=blue,dotted,very thick,domain=0:2.5*pi,smooth, samples=150] plot ({\x},{1.8*sin(1.8*\x r)});

\draw [dashed] (0.88,0) -- (0.88,1.75);
\draw [dashed] (4.38,0) -- (4.38,1.75);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.7]
%papier milli
%\draw [very thin, gray!10] (0,-3) grid[step=0.1] (2.5*pi,3);
%\draw [very thin, black!10] (0,-3) grid[step=0.5] (2.5*pi,3);
%\draw [very thin, black!20] (0,-3) grid[step=1] (2.5*pi,3);
%fin

%axes
\draw[->,>=stealth] (0,0) -- (2.6*pi,0) node[below right] {$t$};
\draw[->,>=stealth] (0,-3) -- (0,3) node [above left] {$x$};
%\draw (1,0.1) -- (1,-0.1) node [below right] {{\scriptsize $0.2$}}; %échelle abscisse
%\draw (0.1,1) -- (-0.1,1) node [left] {{\scriptsize $2V$}}; %échelle ordonnée
%fin

%legende
%\draw (-2,3) -- (-0.4,3) -- (-0.4,1.9) -- (-2,1.9) -- (-2,3); %cadre
%\draw [red] (-1.8,2.7)--(-1.2,2.7) node [right] [red] {$V_E$};
%\draw [blue] (-1.8,2.2)--(-1.2,2.2) node [right] [blue] {$V_S$};
%fin

%Courbe principale \draw[color=blue,thick,domain=0:2.5*pi, samples=150,smooth] plot ({\x},{2.5*exp(-\x/4)*sin(1.8*\x r + pi/2 r)});

%enveloppe \draw[color=gray,thin,dotted,domain=0:2.5*pi, samples=150,smooth] plot ({\x},{2.5*exp(-\x/4)});
\draw[color=gray,thin,dotted,domain=0:2.5*pi, samples=150,smooth] plot ({\x},{-2.5*exp(-\x/4)});
%double flèche
\draw[gray!80,line width=1pt,<->,>=triangle 45] (2.6,2) --++ (3.5,0) node [midway, above] {\colorbox{white}{\textcolor{gray}{\scriptsize{$T$}}}} ;
%Fin
%pointillés
\draw [very thin,gray!80, dashed] (2.6,0) --++ (0,2.5);
\draw [very thin,gray!80, dashed] (6.1,0) --++ (0,2.5);
\draw [very thin,gray!80, dashed] (-0.1,2.5) --++ (0.2,0) node [left=0.15cm, black] {\scriptsize{A}};
\draw [very thin,gray!80, dashed] (0,-2.5) --++ (-0.1,0) node [left=0.07cm, black] {\scriptsize{-A}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\tikzset{
xmin/.store in=\xmin, xmin/.default=-3, xmin=-3,
xmax/.store in=\xmax, xmax/.default=3, xmax=3,
ymin/.store in=\ymin, ymin/.default=-3, ymin=-3,
ymax/.store in=\ymax, ymax/.default=3, ymax=3,
}
% Commande qui trace la grille entre (xmin,ymin) et (xmax,ymax)
\newcommand {\grille}
{\draw[help lines] (\xmin,\ymin) grid (\xmax,\ymax);}
% Commande \axes
\newcommand {\axes} {
\draw[->] (\xmin,0) -- (\xmax,0);
\draw[->] (0,\ymin) -- (0,\ymax);
}
% Commande qui limite l'affichage à (xmin,ymin) et (xmax,ymax)
\newcommand {\fenetre}
{\clip (\xmin,\ymin) rectangle (\xmax,\ymax);}


\begin{tikzpicture}[xmin=0,xmax=8,ymin=0,ymax=5]
\axes
%\draw [very thin, gray] (0,0) grid[step=0.2] (4.4,4.2);
\draw [domain=1:8, smooth] plot (\x,{3/\x + 3/(2*\x^2)});
\draw (0,5) node [left] {$E_{Peff}(r)$};
\draw (8,0) node [below] {r};
\draw (0,0) node [below left] {O};
\draw (0,2.5) node [left] {$E_M$};
\draw [domain=0:8] plot (\x,{2.5});
\draw [dashed] (1.6,0) -- (1.6,2.5) ;
\draw (1.6,0) node [below] {$r_{min}$};
\fill[color=gray!70, opacity=0.5] (0,-0.1) rectangle (1.6,0.1);
\end{tikzpicture}

%ecran oscilloscope \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.4]
\draw[black,thick,rounded corners=10pt] (0,0) rectangle (10,8);
\begin{scope} % permet d'appliquer des propriétés à une partie de code seulement
\clip (0.05,0.05) rectangle (9.95,7.95);%créer une découpe de la fenêtre comme indiqué
\foreach \x in {1,2,...,9}%Démarrage d'une boucle : "pour tout x appartenant à ..."
{
%la boucle est délimitée par une paire d'accolade
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (\x,0.05) -- (\x,7.95);%thin = fin, il existe aussi very thin et ultra thin
}
\foreach \y in {1,2,...,7}
{
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (0.05,\y) -- (9.95,\y);
}
\foreach \x in {0.2,0.4,...,9.8}
{
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (\x,4.1) -- (\x,3.9);
}
\foreach \y in {0.2,0.4,...,7.8}
{
\draw [gray!20, very thin] (5.1,\y) -- (4.9,\y);
}
%FIN ecran oscilloscope
\draw[yshift=4cm,color=green,thick,domain=0:10, smooth, samples=150] plot ({\x},{2.5*sin(0.348*\x r)});
\draw[yshift=4cm,color=green,dashed,thick,domain=0:10,smooth, samples=150] plot ({\x},{1.8*sin(0.348*\x r- pi/2 r)});
\draw[gray!80,line width=1pt,<->,>=triangle 45] (0.1,4) -- (8.9,4) node [midway, below] {\colorbox{white}{\textcolor{gray}{\scriptsize{9 divisions}}}} ;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

%ecran oscilloscope \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.4]
\draw[black,thick,rounded corners=10pt] (0,0) rectangle (10,8);
\begin{scope}
\clip (0.05,0.05) rectangle (9.95,7.95);
\foreach \x in {1,2,...,9}
{
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (\x,0.05) -- (\x,7.95);
}
\foreach \y in {1,2,...,7}
{
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (0.05,\y) -- (9.95,\y);
}
\foreach \x in {0.2,0.4,...,9.8}
{
\draw[gray!20, very thin] (\x,4.1) -- (\x,3.9);
}
\foreach \y in {0.2,0.4,...,7.8}
{
\draw [gray!20, very thin] (5.1,\y) -- (4.9,\y);
}
%FIN ecran oscilloscope

\draw[xshift=5cm,yshift=4cm,color=green,thick,domain=0:2*pi, smooth, samples=150] plot ({3*sin(2*\x r},{3*sin(3*\x r)});
\draw [red,very thin, dashed] (2,1) rectangle (8,7);
\filldraw [blue] (2.5,1) circle (0.15);
\filldraw [blue] (5,1) circle (0.15);
\filldraw [blue] (7.5,1) circle (0.15);
\filldraw [blue] (2,2) circle (0.15);
\filldraw [blue] (2,6) circle (0.15);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\def \n {7}
%Définition d'un paramètre utilisé dans le code qui peut être utilisé x fois
\def \radius {4cm}
\def \margin {8} % margin in angles, depends on the radius
\foreach \s in {1,...,\n}
{
\node[draw, circle, fill=blue!20] at ({360/\n * (\s - 1)}:\radius) {TP$\s$};
%blue!20 = couleur bleu à 20%
\draw[->, >=latex] ({360/\n * (\s - 1)+\margin}:\radius)
arc ({360/\n * (\s - 1)+\margin}:{360/\n * (\s)-\margin}:\radius);
}
\node at (4.5,0) [right, text width=4.5cm] {\small{Oscilloscope et GBF}};
\node at ({360/7 * (2 - 1)}:\radius) [right=0.5cm, text width=4.5cm] {\small{Dipôles passifs}};
\node at ({360/7 * (3 - 1)}:\radius) [right=0.75cm, above=0.5cm, text width=4.5cm] {\small{Moments de forces}};
\node at ({360/7 * (4 - 1)}:\radius) [left=0.4cm,text width=2.6cm] {\small{Lentilles minces}};
\node at ({360/7 * (5 - 1)}:\radius) [left=0.4cm, text width=2.6cm] {\small{Force centrifuge}};
\node at ({360/7 * (6 - 1)}:\radius) [below=0.5cm, text width=2cm] {\small{Calorimétrie}};
\node at ({360/7 * (7 - 1)}:\radius) [right=0.6cm,text width=4.5cm] {\small{Pendules simple et élastique}};
\draw[thick,-latex] (15:2) arc(10:270:2);
\node[text width=3.5cm,text justified] at (0,0.25) {\begin{center}\textbf{Sens de rotation des groupes}\end{center}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.2] %scale permet de régler la taille de la figure
\draw [very thin, gray] (0,0) grid[step=0.2] (4.4,4.2);%Tracé du quadrillage

%points
\draw (0.6,3.2) node {$\bullet$} node [above left] {\colorbox{white}{$+q$}} ;
\draw (3.4,3.2) node {$\bullet$} node [above left] {\colorbox{white}{$+q$}} ;
\draw (1.6,1.8) node {$\bullet$} node [above=0.25cm] at (1.7,1.8) {\colorbox{white}{$M$}} ;
%FIN points

%pointillés
\draw [dashed] (0.6,3.2) -- (1.6,1.8) ;
\draw [dashed] (3.4,3.2) -- (1.6,1.8) ;
\draw [dashed, blue] (1.6,1.8) --++ (-0.6,-0.4) --++ (0.4,-0.6);
\draw [dashed, blue] (1.6,1.8) --++ (0.6,-0.8) --++ (-0.6,-0.4);
%FIN pointillés

%Vecteurs
\draw [thick, blue] [->] (1.6,1.8) --++ (0.6,-0.8) node [blue] [above right] {\colorbox{white}{\textcolor{blue}{$d\overrightarrow{E}$}}} ;
\draw [thick, blue] [->] (1.6,1.8) --++ (-0.6,-0.4) node [blue] [above left] {\colorbox{white}{\textcolor{blue} {$d\overrightarrow{E'}$}}} ;
\draw [ultra thick, blue] [->] (1.6,1.8) --++ (-0,-1.2) node [blue] [below left] {\colorbox{white}{\textcolor{blue}{$\overrightarrow{E}$}}} ;
%FIN Vecteurs \end{tikzpicture}

\tikzstyle arrowstyle=[scale=1] %taille des flèches
\tikzstyle directed=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .65 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}]%définition d'un trait avec une flèche en son milieu

\begin{tikzpicture}
\foreach \t in {30,60, ...,360} %boucle
\draw[red,thick, directed] (0pt,0pt) -- (\t:3cm);%trait tracé en coordonnées polaires
\fill circle (1mm) node [below right] {\colorbox{white}{+q}};%point central
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\useasboundingbox (-5,-4) rectangle (5,4); % découpe de la figure selon les dimensions
\path (-3,0) coordinate (A); %attribution d'un nom à un point
\path (3,0) coordinate (B);
\path (-2,1) coordinate (C);
\path (2,1) coordinate (D);

\begin{scope} %application de style qu'à une partie de code
\tikzstyle arrowstyle=[scale=1.5];%taille de flèche
\tikzstyle directed=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .52 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] ;
\draw[red,thick, directed] (A) .. controls (C) and (D) .. (B);%tracé de courbe de Bézier
\draw[red,thick, directed] (A) .. controls +(1,2) and +(-1,2) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, directed] (A) .. controls +(1,3) and +(-1,3) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, directed] (A) .. controls +(1,4) and +(-1,4) .. (B);

\draw[red,thick, directed] (A) .. controls (-2,-1) and (2,-1) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, directed, yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(1,2) and +(-1,2) .. (B);%yscale permet de retourner verticalement la figure
\draw[red,thick, directed][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(1,3) and +(-1,3) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, directed][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(1,4) and +(-1,4) .. (B);
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}
\tikzstyle arrowstyle=[scale=1.5];
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .2 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .82 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ]
(A) .. controls +(1,8) and +(-1,8) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .15 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .87 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ]
(A) .. controls +(-3,10) and +(3,10) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .12 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .89 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ] (A) .. controls +(-8,10) and +(8,10) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .08 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .94 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ] (A) .. controls +(-15,10) and +(15,10) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .25 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] (A) -- (-10,0);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .25 with {\arrowreversed[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] (B) -- (10,0);

\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .2 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .82 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(1,8) and +(-1,8) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .15 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .87 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(-3,10) and +(3,10) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick,postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .12 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .89 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(-8,10) and +(8,10) .. (B);
\draw[red,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .08 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}},postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .94 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}} ][yscale=-1] (A) .. controls +(-15,10) and +(15,10) .. (B);
\end{scope}
\fill (A) circle (1mm) node [below left] {\colorbox{white}{+q}};%Charge
\fill (B) circle (1mm) node [below right] {\colorbox{white}{-q}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture} \draw[->] (0,0) -- (3,0); \draw (1,0) node {$\bullet$} node[below]{{\scriptsize (-q)}};
\draw (2,0) node {$\bullet$} node[below]{{\scriptsize (+q)}};
\draw (1,0) node {$\bullet$} node[above]{{\scriptsize N}};
\draw (2,0) node {$\bullet$} node[above]{{\scriptsize P}};
\draw (3,0) node[above]{$\overrightarrow{p}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw (0,0) --++ (1,1) --++ (3,0) --++ (-1,-1) --++ (-3,0);
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(0,3) node [right] {z};
\draw (2,0.5) node [left] {O};
\draw (2,1.8) node {$\bullet$} node [left] {M};
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(-1,-1) node [left] {x};
\draw [thick] [->] (2,0.5) --++(2,0) node [below] {y};
\coordinate (A) at (1.2,1.2);
\coordinate (D) at (1.2,-1.6);
\coordinate (M) at (2,1.8);
\coordinate (B) at (2.8,2.4);
\coordinate (C) at (2.8,-0.4);
\draw[dashed] (A)--(M);
\draw[dashed] (A)--(D);
\draw[dashed] (M)--(B);
\draw[dashed] (D)--(C);
\draw[dashed] (C)--(B);
\coordinate (A1) at (1.0,1.8);
\coordinate (D1) at (1.0,-1.0);
\coordinate (B1) at (3,1.8);
\coordinate (C1) at (3,-1.0);
\draw[dashed] (A1)--(B1);
\draw[dashed] (B1)--(C1);
\draw[dashed] (C1)--(D1);
\draw[dashed] (D1)--(A1);
\draw [ultra thick, blue] [->] (2,1.8) --++(0,1) node [left, blue] {$\overrightarrow{E}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw (0,0) --++ (1,1) --++ (3,0) --++ (-1,-1) --++ (-3,0);
\draw (2.1,1.4) node {$\bullet$} node [left] {M};
\draw (2.1,-0.8) node {$\bullet$} node [left] {M'};
\draw [ultra thick, blue] [->] (2.1,1.4) --++(0,1) node [left, blue] {$\overrightarrow{E}$};
\draw [ultra thick, blue] [->] (2.1,-0.8) --++(0,-1) node [left, blue] {$\overrightarrow{E'}$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\tikzstyle arrowstyle=[scale=2] %Taille de la flèche
\draw[thick, black, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,mark=at position .42 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] (-1,0) ellipse (0.8cm and 2cm);
\draw (-2,1) node [left] {$I$};
\draw [thick,->,>=stealth] (-4,0) node [below] {$z'$} -- (3,0) node [below] {$z$};
\draw (2,0) node {$\bullet$} node [below] {$M$};
\draw (-1,0) node {$\bullet$} node [below left] {$O$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\filldraw [gray!30] (0,0) rectangle (3,1);
\draw [very thick, gray!70] (0,0) -- (0,1) -- (3,1);
\draw [very thick, gray!70] (0,0) -- (3,0);

\filldraw [gray!30] (0,1) --++ (0.5,0.5) --++ (3,0) --++ (-0.5,-0.5);
\draw [very thick, gray!70] (0,1) --++ (0.5,0.5) --++ (3,0);

\draw [thick, -latex] (0.2,0.8) -- (0.2,0.1) node [right=0.1cm, thick] at (0.2,0.2) {{\footnotesize $B_Z$}};
\draw [thick, -latex] (0.2,0.8) -- (0.9,0.8) node [right, thick] {{\footnotesize $B_X$}};

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.3]
\draw [thick] (0,0) -- (6,0) -- (6,6) -- (0,6) -- cycle;
\draw [thick] (1,4) -- (5,4) -- (5,5) -- (1,5) -- cycle;
\draw (2,2) circle (0.25cm) node [below=0.1cm, thick] {{\footnotesize $B_X$}};
\draw (4,2) circle (0.25cm) node [below=0.1cm, thick] {{\footnotesize $B_Z$}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw [thick, black] (1.5,0) rectangle (4.5,2);
\draw [thick, black] (0.5,1) node {$\bullet$} node [below] {A} -- (5.5,1) node {$\bullet$} node [below] {B};
\draw [red] (4.25,0.25) circle (0.15cm) node [left=0.25cm, thick, red] {\footnotesize $\mathbf{\overrightarrow{B}}$};
\filldraw [red] (4.25,0.25) circle (0.05cm);
\draw [thick, -latex, green] (5,0) -- (5,2) node [right=0.1cm, thick, green] at (5,1.75) {{\footnotesize $\mathbf{U_H}$}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\fill [gray] (0,0) rectangle (0.2,3) node [left=0.2] {10V} (3,0) rectangle (3.2,3) node [right] {0V};
\draw (0.5,4) node [right] {$V_1$} -- (0.75,3) .. controls (1,2) .. (1,0) .. controls (1,-0.5) .. (0,-1);
\draw (1.5,3) node [right=0.2] {$V_2$} .. controls (2.25,2.75) .. (2.5,2) ..controls (2.55,1.5) .. (2.5,1) .. controls (2.45,0.5) .. (2.5,0) .. controls (2.75,-1) .. (3.5,-1);
\draw [dashed] (-0.5,0) .. controls (0,0.45) .. (1,0.5) .. controls (1.5,0.6) .. (2,0.75) .. controls (2.75,1.1) .. (3.5,1);
\node at (1,0.5) {$\bullet$};
\node [above right] at (1,0.5) {$x_1$};
\node at (2.5,1) {$\bullet$};
\node [above left] at (2.5,1) {$x_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\fill [gray] (-1,0) circle (0.15cm) node [above left,black] {-q};
\fill [gray] (1,0) circle (0.15cm) node [below right,black] {+q};
\draw (2,0) circle (1.5cm);
\draw (1.25,1.3)--++(0,0.1) (1.25,1.3)--++(0,-0.1) node [above left] {M};
\draw [thick] (-1,0) -- (1.25,1.3) node [midway,above] {$r_2$};
\draw [thick] (1,0) -- (1.25,1.3) node [midway,right] {$r_1$};
\node at (3,1.5) {$V_i$};
\draw [|<->|] (-1,-0.25) -- (1,-0.25) node [midway,below] {$d$};
\draw [dashed,thin,gray] (-1.15,0)--++(0,-0.75) (-0.85,0)--++(0,-0.75);
\draw [|<->|,gray] (-1.15,-0.75) -- (-0.85,-0.75) node [midway,below] {$2a$};
\draw [dashed,thin,gray] (1.15,0)--++(0,-1.25) (0.85,0)--++(0,-1.25);
\draw [|<->|,gray] (1.15,-1.25) -- (0.85,-1.25) node [midway,below] {$2a$};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\begin{scope}[rotate=-50]
\draw (0,0) circle (1.5cm);
\node at (2.5,2) [text width=2cm] {\begin{center} \scriptsize La bobine est parcourue par un courant $I$\end{center} };
\filldraw [gray,draw=black] (-0.25,0)--(0,1.5)--(0.25,0)--cycle;
\filldraw [white,draw=black] (-0.25,0)--(0,-1.5)--(0.25,0)--cycle;
\end{scope}
\draw [dotted] (0,0) --++(0,1.5);
\draw [ultra thick,->,>=stealth] (1.2,1.0) --++ (0,1.5) node [above] {$\overrightarrow{B}_a$} ;
\draw [ultra thick,->,>=stealth] (1.2,1.0) --++ (1.70,0) node [below] {$\overrightarrow{B}$} ;
\draw [ultra thick,->,>=stealth] (1.2,1.0) --++ ($1.4*(1.2,1)-1.4*(0,0)$) node [above] {$\overrightarrow{B}_T$} ;
\draw (0,0.8) to [bend left] (0.45,0.55);
\node at (0.4,0.9) [] {$\alpha$};
\begin{scope}[shift=({1.2,0.8})]
\draw (0,0.8) to [bend left] (0.45,0.55);
\node at (0.4,0.9) [] {$\alpha$};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
%\helpgrid{4}{2}
\filldraw [fill=gray!25,draw=black] (-0.6,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\filldraw [gray!25] (-0.6,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,2) -- (0,2) to [bend right=8] (0,-2) -- cycle;
\filldraw [fill=gray!50,draw=black] (0,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\draw (-0.6,2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw (-0.6,-2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw [ |<->|] (-0.6,-2.2) -- (0,-2.2) node [midway, below] {$L$};
\draw [ |<->|] (-1.1,2) -- (-1.1,-2) node [midway,above left] {$2R$};
\draw [->,-latex,dashed] (-2,0)--++(4.5,0) node [above right] {$x$};
\draw [->,-latex,dashed] (-0.3,-0.5)--++(0,3.5) node [left] {$y$};
\node at (1.6,0) [] {};
\node at (1.6,0) [below right] {\footnotesize M};
\draw (1.6,0)--++(0,0.1) (1.6,0)--++(0,-0.1);
\draw (1.6,0) -- (-0.3,2) (1.6,0) -- (-0.3,-2);
\draw (1.2,0) to [bend left=45] (1.2,0.42);
\node at (0.9,0.2) [] {$\theta$};
\node at (-0.3,0) [below left] {\footnotesize O};
\draw (-0.3,0)--++(0,0.1) (-0.3,0)--++(0,-0.1);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.3,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.5,-1) node [above] {\footnotesize$I$};
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.4,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,-1);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.2,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.4,-1);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.9]
\filldraw [fill=gray!25,draw=black] (-0.6,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\filldraw [gray!25] (-0.6,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,2) -- (0,2) to [bend right=8] (0,-2) -- cycle;
\filldraw [fill=gray!50,draw=black] (0,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\draw (-0.6,2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw (-0.6,-2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.3,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.5,-1) node [above] {\footnotesize$I$};
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.4,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,-1);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.2,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.4,-1);
\node at (-0.3,0) [below left] {\footnotesize O};
\draw (-0.3,0)--++(0,0.1) (-0.3,0)--++(0,-0.1);

\begin{scope}[shift=({2,0})]
\filldraw [fill=gray!25,draw=black] (-0.6,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\filldraw [gray!25] (-0.6,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,2) -- (0,2) to [bend right=8] (0,-2) -- cycle;
\filldraw [fill=gray!50,draw=black] (0,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 2cm);
\draw (-0.6,2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw (-0.6,-2) --++ (0.6,0);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.3,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.5,-1) node [above] {\footnotesize$I$};
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.4,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.6,-1);
\draw [->,=<stealth,gray] (-0.2,-2) to [bend left=8] (-0.4,-1);
\node at (-0.3,0) [below left] {\footnotesize O};
\draw (-0.3,0)--++(0,0.1) (-0.3,0)--++(0,-0.1);
\end{scope}
\draw [ |<->|] (-0.4,2.2) -- (1.6,2.2) node [midway, above] {$R$};
\draw [ |<->|] (2.6,0) -- (2.6,2) node [midway, right] {$R$};

\draw [->,-latex,dashed] (-1.5,0)--++(5,0) node [above right] {$x$};


\end{tikzpicture}

\tikzstyle simple=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,mark=at position .5 with {\arrow[scale=2,draw=black,> = stealth]{>}}}}] \tikzstyle simplerev=[postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,mark=at position .5 with {\arrow[scale=2,draw=black,> = stealth]{<}}}}] \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\filldraw [fill=gray!25,draw=black] (-2.6,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 1cm);

\filldraw [gray!25] (-2.6,-1) to [bend left=8] (-2.6,1) -- (2.6,1) to [bend right=8] (2.6,-1) -- cycle;

\foreach \x in {-2.5,-2.4,...,2.6}
{
\filldraw [fill=gray!25,draw=black] (\x,1) arc (90:270:0.25cm and 1cm); %arc elliptique
}

\filldraw [fill=gray!50,draw=black] (2.6,0) ellipse (0.25cm and 1cm);
\draw (-2.6,1) -- (2.6,1);
\draw (-2.6,-1) -- (2.6,-1);
\draw [ |<->|] (-2.6,1.2) -- (2.6,1.2) node [midway, above] {$L$};

\draw [->,-latex,dashed] (-3.5,0)--++(7,0) node [above right] {$x$};

\node at (-0,0) [below left,fill=gray!25] {\footnotesize O};
\draw (-0,0)--++(0,0.1) (-0,0)--++(0,-0.1);

\draw [simple] (-2.6,-1) to [bend right=45] ++(-1,-1) ;
\node at (-3,-1.5) {I};
\draw [simplerev] (2.6,-1) to [bend right=45] ++(1,-1) ;
\node at (3.2,-1.5) {I};

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E_1$, i=$i_1$] (0,2) to[R, l=$R_1$] (0,4) -- (2,4)
to [R, i=$i_2$, l=$R_2$] (2,0.5) -- (2,0) -- (4,0)
to[V, v=$E_3$, i=$i_3$] (4,2) to[R, l=$R_3$] (4,4) -- (2,4)
(0,0) -- (2,0) ;
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=0.8]
\draw (0,0) -- (0,0.5) to[R, i=$i_{11}$,l=$R_1$] (0,4) -- (2,4)
to [R, i>^=$i_2$, l=$R_2$] (2,0.5) -- (2,0) -- (4,0)

%le i>^ permet d'installer une flèche d'intensité après le composant, noté i2 sur le dessus
to[V, v=$E_3$] (4,1.5) to[R, i=$i_{13}$ , l_=$R_3$] (4,4) -- (2,4)
(0,0) -- (2,0) ;
\draw (0,4) node {$\bullet$} node [above left] {A};
\draw (2,4) node {$\bullet$} node [above] {B};
\draw (4,4) node {$\bullet$} node [above right] {C};
\draw (4,0) node {$\bullet$} node [below right] {D};
\draw (2,0) node {$\bullet$} node [below] {E};
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$} node [below left] {F};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=0.7] \draw (0,0) to[R, l_={\footnotesize $R_1$}] (0,4)--(2,4) to [I, l^={\footnotesize $\dfrac{E_1}{R_1}$}] (2,0) -- (4,0)
to [R, i_<=$i_2$, l_={\footnotesize $R_2$}] (4,4) -- (6,4) to [I, l^={\footnotesize $\dfrac{E_3}{R_3}$}] (6,0) --(8,0)
to[R, l_={\footnotesize $R_3$}] (8,4) ;
\draw (0,0) -- (2,0);
\draw (2,4) -- (4,4);
\draw (4,0) -- (6,0);
\draw (6,4) -- (8,4);
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E$] (0,3) to [R, l=$R$] (3,3) to[cspst=K] (5,3);
\draw (3,3) to [R, l_=$R$] (3,0) -- (0,0);
\draw (5,3) to [C, l=$C$] (5,0) -- (3,0);
\draw (5,3) to [R, l=$R$] (7,3) to [V, v<=$E$] (7,0) -- (5,0);
\draw[-triangle 45] (4.4,1) -- (4.4,2) node [below=0.5cm] [left] {u(t)};
%-triangle 45 est un style de flèche
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}[scale=0.4]
\draw (0,-1) -- (0,2.9);
\filldraw [fill=white,draw=black] (0,3) circle (1.1cm) node {GBF};
\draw (0,4.1) -- (0,6.8) -- (4.2,6.8) -- (4.2,4.8);
\draw (0,-1) -- (7.8,-1) -- (7.8,1.2);
\draw [-triangle 60] (0,6.8) --++ (-1.5,+1.5) node [left] {Voie 1};
\draw (0,-1) -- (0,-2);
\draw (-0.75,-2) -- (0.75,-2);
\foreach \x in {-0.75,-0.5, ...,0.75}%masse
{
\draw (\x,-2)--++(-0.5,-0.5);
} \begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]
%xshift=3cm va permettre de décaler horizontalement cette portion de code sur la droite par rapport au point (0,0)
\draw [-triangle 60] (4.8,4.8) --++ (+3,+3) node [right] {Voie 2};
%\draw [help lines, gray, very thin, step=1] (0,0) grid (6,6);
\draw [scale=1,thick] (0,0) -- (6,0) -- (6,6) -- (0,6) -- cycle;
\draw (1.2,4.8) circle (0.25cm) node [above left, thick] {A};
\draw (1.2,4.8) circle (0.1cm) ;
\draw (4.8,4.8) circle (0.25cm) node [above left, thick] {B};
\draw (4.8,4.8) circle (0.1cm) ;
\draw (4.8,1.2) circle (0.25cm) node [below right, thick] {C};
\draw (4.8,1.2) circle (0.1cm) ;
\draw (3,3) circle (1.5cm) node {$ \times 1000$};
\filldraw [gray!50] (1.7,1.7) circle (0.15cm);
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) -- (0,1);
\filldraw [fill=white,draw=black] (0,1.5) circle (0.5cm) node {GBF};
\draw (0,2)--(0,3) to[D, i^>=i] (3,3);
\draw (3,3) to [R, l^=$110\Omega$] (3,0) -- (0,0);
\draw [-triangle 60] (0,3) --++ (-0.5,+0.5) node [left] {Voie 1};
\draw [-triangle 60] (3,3) --++ (+0.5,+0.5) node [right] {Voie 2};
\draw [-triangle 60] (2.5,0.5) -- (2.5,2.5) node [midway, left] {$u_R(t)$};
\draw [-triangle 60] (-0.7,0.5) -- (-0.7,2.5) node [midway, left] {$e(t)$};
\begin{scope}[scale=0.4]
\draw (0,0) -- (0,-1);
\draw (-0.75,-1) -- (0.75,-1);
\foreach \x in {-0.75,-0.5, ...,0.75}%masse
{
\draw (\x,-1)--++(-0.5,-0.5);
}
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E\cos \omega \,t$] (0,3) to [R, i>^=$i(t)$, l=$R$] (2.5,3);
\draw (2.5,3) to [L, l_=$L$] (2.5,0);
\draw (2.5,0) -- (0,0);
\draw[-triangle 45] (3,1) -- (3,2.2) node[right=0.5cm] at (2.5,1.5) {$u_L(t)$}; %utilisation de la librairie arrow
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E\cos \omega \,t$] (0,3) to [L, l=$L$] (2.5,3);
\draw (2.5,3) to [R, l=$R$] (5,3);
\draw (5,3) to [C, l=$C$] (5,0);
\draw (5,0) -- (0,0);
\draw[-triangle 45] (4.4,1) -- (4.4,2.2) node[below=0.7cm,left=0.1cm] {$u_C(t)$};
% utilisation de la librairie arrow \end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E\cos \omega \,t$] (0,3) to [L, l=$L$] (2.5,3);
\draw (2.5,3) to [C, l=$C$] (5,3);
\draw (5,3) to [R, l=$R$] (5,0);
\draw (5,0) -- (0,0);
\draw[-triangle 45] (4.4,1) -- (4.4,2.2) node[below=0.7cm,left=0.1cm] {$u_R(t)$};
% utilisation de la librairie arrow \end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,2) to [R, l=$R$] (4,2);
\draw (4,2) to [C, l_=$C$] (4,0);
\draw (4,0) -- (0,0);
\draw[-triangle 45] (4.8,0) -- (4.8,2) node[right, midway] {$\underline{v}\,_s$};
% utilisation de la librairie arrow
\draw[-triangle 45] (-0.2,0) -- (-0.2,2) node[left, midway] {$\underline{v}\,_e$};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) -- (0,1);
\filldraw [fill=white,draw=black] (0,1.5) circle (0.5cm) node {GBF};
\draw (0,2)--(0,3) to[R, i>^=i] (3,3);
\draw (3,3) to [C, l^=C] (3,0) -- (0,0);
\draw [-triangle 60] (0,3) --++ (-0.5,+0.5) node [left] {Voie 1};
\draw [-triangle 60] (3,3) --++ (+0.5,+0.5) node [right] {Voie 2};
\draw [-triangle 60] (2.4,0.5) -- (2.4,2.5) node [midway, left] {$u(t)$};
\draw [-triangle 60] (-0.7,0.5) -- (-0.7,2.5) node [midway, left] {$e(t)$};
\begin{scope}[scale=0.4]
\draw (0,0) -- (0,-1);
\draw (-0.75,-1) -- (0.75,-1);
\foreach \x in {-0.75,-0.5, ...,0.75} %masse
{
\draw (\x,-1)--++(-0.5,-0.5);
}
\end{scope}
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75]
\draw (0,0) rectangle (2,2) node [midway] {\scriptsize{Générateur}};
\draw (4,0) rectangle (6,2) node [midway] {\scriptsize{Quadripôle}};
\draw (8,0) rectangle (10,2) node [midway] {\scriptsize{Récepteur}};
\draw (1.8,1.6) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (1.8,0.4) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (4.2,1.6) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (4.2,0.4) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (5.8,1.6) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (5.8,0.4) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (8.2,1.6) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (8.2,0.4) node {$\bullet$};
\draw[black,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] (1.8,1.6) -- (4.2,1.6) node[above,midway] {$i_{e}$};
\draw[black,thick, postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,
mark=at position .55 with {\arrow[arrowstyle]{stealth}}}}] (5.8,1.6) -- (8.2,1.6) node[above,midway] {$i_{s}$};;
\draw [black,thick,-latex] (3.6,0.5) -- (3.6,1.5) node [left,midway] {$V_e$};
\draw [black,thick,-latex] (7.6,0.5) -- (7.6,1.5) node [left,midway] {$V_s$};
\draw [black,thick](1.8,0.4) -- (4.2,0.4);
\draw [black,thick](5.8,0.4) -- (8.2,0.4);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[V, v=$E_0$] (0,3) to [R, l=$R_0$] (3,3)--(4,3);
\draw (4,3) to [R, l^=$R_C$] (4,0) -- (0,0);
%le ^ signifie que le nom du conducteur sera à droite du symbole (car ici, pour dessiner ce symbole on va de haut en bas, donc au dessus signifie à droite)

\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.5] (-1.25,-0.5) rectangle (2.5,3.75) ;
%opacity = fonction de transparence, en pourcentage

\node at (0.6,-0.25) [] {\scriptsize Boîtier};
\draw [->,-latex] (3,3)--++(0.2,0) node [above] {$i$};
\draw [->,-latex] (3.25,0.25)--++(0,2.5) node [midway,left] {$U$};
\end{circuitikz}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\draw (0,0) ellipse (3cm and 1cm);
\draw [thick, -latex] (0,-3) -- (0,3) node [left] {z};
\draw (0,-2) node {$\bullet$} node [above left] {O};
\draw (0,-3) node [above left] {z'};
\draw node at (2,0.73) {$\bullet$};
\draw (2,0.35) node [right=0.02cm] {M};
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$} node [above left] {H};
\draw [xshift=0.3cm,rotate around={180:(-0.4,2.2)},line width=1pt,-stealth] (-0.25,2) arc (-30:210:0.3cm and 0.2cm) node[below left=0.4cm] {$\omega$};
%rotate around permet de faire une rotation autour d'un point particulier (ici de 180° autour de (-0.4,2.2)
%line width gère l'épaisseur du trait
\draw [very thick,-latex] (2,0.73) --++ (1.2,0.45) node[below=0.15cm] {$\overrightarrow{F_{ie}}$};
\draw [very thick,-latex] (2,0.73) --++ (-1.2,-0.45)node[below=0.15cm] {$\overrightarrow{F_{0}}$};
\draw [very thick,-latex] (2,0.73) --++ (0,1.2)node[above] {$\overrightarrow{R}$};
\draw [very thick,-latex] (2,0.73) --++ (0,-1.2)node[below] {\colorbox{white}{$\overrightarrow{P}$}};
\draw [red, very thick, -stealth] (2,0.73) --++ (-0.7,0.3) node [above] {$\overrightarrow{t}$};
\draw [red, very thick, -stealth] (2,0.73) --++ (-0.7,-0.25) node [below] at (1.5,0.5) {$\overrightarrow{n}$};
\draw [dotted] (0,0) -- (2,0.73);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture} [scale=0.75, decoration={coil,aspect=0.4,segment length=3mm,amplitude=3mm}]
%decoration : gère l'aspect du ressort par l'instruction decorate
\tikzset{ressort/.style={thick,gray,smooth}} %définition d'un style de ressort

\draw [dashed] (2,-4.5) --++ (4,0);
\draw node [left] at (2,-4.5) {O};
\draw [->] (2,-4.5) --++ (0,-2) node [left] {$x$};
\draw [dashed] (2,-5.5) --++ (4,0) ;
\draw node [left] at (2,-5.5) {$x(t)$} ;

%ressort
\begin{scope}
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0,-0.3)--(0,-3) ;
\draw[thick,gray] (0,0) -- (0,-0.3);
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (-0.5,0) rectangle (0.5,0.3); %bloc qui tient le ressort
\draw[thick] (-0.5,0) -- (0.5,0); %bloc qui tient le ressort
%fin ressort
\draw[line width=0.5pt,<->,>=triangle 45](-0.8,0) -- (-0.8,-3) node [midway,left] {$l_0$} ;
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=3cm]%Décalage horizontale de 3 cm
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0,-0.3)--(0,-4) ;

%bloc qui tient le ressort
\draw[thick,gray] (0,0) -- (0,-0.3); \fill [pattern=north east lines] (-0.5,0) rectangle (0.5,0.3); \draw[thick](-0.5,0)--(0.5,0); %fin ressort

\draw[line width=0.5pt,<->,>=triangle 45](-0.8,0) -- (-0.8,-4.1) node [midway,left] {$l_{éq}$} ;
\draw [thick](0,-4)--(0,-4.5);
\draw [rounded corners=4pt,color=white,ball color=gray,smooth] (0,-4.5) circle (0.4) ;

\draw [very thick,-latex] (0,-4.5)--++(0,-1.5) node [midway,right=0.25cm] {$\overrightarrow{P}$};
\draw [very thick,-latex] (0,-4.15)--(0,-2.9) node [midway,right=0.25cm] {$\overrightarrow{T_{éq}}$};
\end{scope}

\begin{scope}[xshift=6cm]
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0,-0.3)--(0,-5) ;

%bloc qui tient le ressort
\draw[thick,gray] (0,0) -- (0,-0.3); \fill [pattern=north east lines] (-0.5,0) rectangle (0.5,0.3);
%pattern définit un style de remplissage de la forme
\draw[thick](-0.5,0)--(0.5,0); %fin ressort

\draw[line width=0.5pt,<->,>=triangle 45](-0.8,0) -- (-0.8,-5.1) node [midway,left] {$l(t)$} ;
\draw [thick](0,-5)--(0,-5.5);
\draw [rounded corners=4pt,color=white,ball color=gray,smooth] (0,-5.5) circle (0.4) ;

%rounded corners = coins arrondis de tant de points
%ball color = style de forme

\draw [very thick,-latex] (0,-5.5)--++(0,-1.5) node [midway,above=0.1cm,right=0.25cm] {$\overrightarrow{P}$};
\draw [very thick,-latex] (0,-5.15)--(0,-3.25) node [midway,right=0.25cm] {$\overrightarrow{T}$};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=-1cm,yshift=-5.5cm]
\draw [rounded corners=4pt,color=white,ball color=gray,smooth] (0,-2.5) circle (0.4) node [right=0.75cm,black] {: objet M de masse m} ;
\draw[ressort,decorate,rotate=0] (-0.75,-3.5)--(0.75,-3.5) node [right=0cm,black] {: ressort de constante de raideur k};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75, decoration={coil,aspect=0.4,segment length=3mm,amplitude=3mm}]
%ressort
\tikzset{ressort/.style={thick,gray,smooth}}
\begin{scope}[xshift=5cm]
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0.3,2)--(0.3,-1) ;
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (-0.5,4.2) rectangle (0.5,4.5); %bloc qui tient le ressort
\draw[thick,gray] (-0.5,4.2) -- (0.5,4.2); %bloc qui tient le ressort
\draw[thick,gray] (0.3,3.7) -- (0.3,2); %tige au dessus ressort
\draw[thick,gray] (0,4.2) -- (0,3.9);
%fin ressort
\end{scope}
\draw (0,-2) rectangle (2,-0.5) node [midway, above=0.15cm ] {Moteur};
\draw (5,3.6) circle (0.28cm);
\draw (1.5,-1.5) circle (0.28cm);
\filldraw [black] (1.7,-1.3) circle (0.08cm);
\draw [gray] (1.7,-1.3) -- (4.7,3.7);
\draw [thick, gray] (5.3,-1)--(5.3,-1.9);
\draw [color=white,ball color=gray,smooth] (5.3,-1.7) circle (0.4) ;
%eprouvette rempli de solution
\draw [gray, very thick] (4.6,-4) --++ (0,5);
\draw [gray, very thick] (6.0,-4) --++ (0,5);
\draw [gray, very thick] (3.6,-4) --++ (3.4,0);
\fill [gray,opacity=0.2] (4.6,-4) rectangle (6.0,0);
%fin eprouvette
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.75, decoration={coil,aspect=0.4,segment length=3mm,amplitude=3mm}]
\tikzset{ressort/.style={thick,gray,smooth}}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm]
%ressort
\draw[ressort,decorate] (0,2)--(0,-1) ;
\fill [pattern=north east lines] (-0.5,3.7) rectangle (0.5,4.0);
\draw[thick,gray] (-0.5,3.7) -- (0.5,3.7);
\draw[thick,gray] (0,3.7) -- (0,2);
\draw [thick, gray] (0,-1)--(0,-1.9);
\draw [color=white,ball color=gray,smooth] (0,-1.7) circle (0.4) node [black,below right=0.2cm] {\scriptsize{M}} ;
%fin ressort

%eprouvette
\draw [gray,very thick] (-1,-4) --++ (0,5);
\draw [gray,very thick] (1,-4) --++ (0,5);
\draw [gray,very thick] (-2,-4) --++ (4,0);
\fill [gray,opacity=0.2] (-1,-4) rectangle (1,0);
%fin eprouvette

%générateur
\draw (3,-3.3) rectangle++ (3,1.5) node [midway, above=0.1cm] {Générateur};
\draw [black] (5.2,-2.7) circle (0.1cm) node [below=0.025cm] {\scriptsize{Masse}};
\filldraw [black] (3.8,-2.7) circle (0.1cm) node [below=0.025cm] {\scriptsize{+}};
% fin générateur

%oscilloscope
\draw (3,-1) rectangle++ (3,2) node [midway, above=0.1cm] {Oscilloscope};
\draw node at (3.7,-0.7) {\scriptsize{Voie 1}};
\filldraw [black] (3.4,-0.3) circle (0.1cm);
\draw [black] (4,-0.3) circle (0.1cm);
%fin oscilloscope

%fils
\draw [red] (3.8,-2.7) --++ (-2,0) --++ (0,4) --++ (-1.1,0) --++ (0,-1.5);
\draw [black] (5.2,-2.7) --++ (1.5,0) --++ (0,-1.75) --++ (-9,0) --++ (0,5.75) --++ (1.6,0) --++ (0,-5);

\filldraw [black] (-0.85,-3.8) rectangle++ (0.3,0.1) node [right] {\scriptsize{B}};
\filldraw [red] (0.55,-0.2) rectangle++ (0.3,0.1) node [below] at (0.7,-0.2) {\scriptsize{A}};

\draw [red] (3.4,-0.3) --++ (-0.7,0) --++ (0,3) --++ (-2.7,0) node [left, black] {\scriptsize{M'}};
\draw [black] (4,-0.3) --++ (2.7,0) --++ (0,-2.4);

%fin fils

\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=3]

%------------
%tube en U
%------------
\begin{scope} [shift=({0.5,0.5}),scale=0.75]
%Ce shift avec deux coordonnées permet de déplacer la portion de code horizontalement et verticalement

%remplissages
\draw[SkyBlue!30,line width=9pt](0,-0.8) arc (180:360:0.5);
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30] (-0.075,-0.8) rectangle++ (0.15,0.25);
%SkyBlue est une couleur du package xcolor
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30] (0.925,-0.8) rectangle++ (0.15,0.25);
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30,draw=black,line width=0.05pt] (0,-0.55) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30,draw=black,line width=0.05pt] (1,-0.55) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);

%position2
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,0.25}),opacity=0.7]
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30] (0.925,-0.8) rectangle++ (0.15,0.25);
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30,draw=black,line width=0.05pt] (1,-0.55) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-0.25}),opacity=0.7]
\filldraw [SkyBlue!30,draw=black,line width=0.05pt] (0,-0.55) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);
\end{scope}

%tube
\filldraw [fill=black!60] (0,0) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);
\draw (1,0) ellipse (0.075cm and 0.05cm);
\draw (-0.075,0) --++ (0,-0.8);
\draw (0.075,0) --++ (0,-0.8);
\draw (0.925,0) --++ (0,-0.8);
\draw (1.075,0) --++ (0,-0.8);
\draw (-0.075,-0.8) arc (180:360:0.575);
%arc circulaire partant du point entre parenthèses, de l'angle 180 à l'angle 360, d'un rayon de 0.575 cm
\draw (0.075,-0.8) arc (180:360:0.425);
\end{scope}
%------------
%FIN
%------------


%récipient
\begin{scope}[shift=({-1,-1})]
\filldraw [fill=SkyBlue!30,draw=black] (0,0) to [bend right=40] (1,0);
%to [bend right=40] permet de dissiner un arc courbé à droite entre deux points, 40° représente "l'angle de contact" avec les points
\fill [SkyBlue!30] (0,0) rectangle (1,0.75);
\filldraw [fill=SkyBlue!30,draw=black] (0.5,0.75) ellipse (0.5cm and 0.15cm);
\draw [draw=black] (0.5,1.15) ellipse (0.5cm and 0.15cm);
\draw (0,0) --++ (0,1.15);
\draw (1,0) --++ (0,1.15);
\end{scope}

%sonde1
\begin{scope}[shift=({-0.6,-0.275})]
\filldraw [black] (0,0) rectangle++ (0.05,0.35);
\filldraw [black] (-0.1,-0.1) rectangle++ (0.4,0.1);
\end{scope}

%sonde2
\begin{scope}[shift=({-0.6,-0.6}),opacity=0.25]
\filldraw [black] (0,0) rectangle++ (0.05,0.35);
\filldraw [black] (-0.1,-0.1) rectangle++ (0.4,0.1);
\end{scope}

%tuyau
\draw [black!60,line width=4pt] (-0.575,0.07) .. controls ++(0,1) and ++(-0.1,0.5) .. (0.5,0.5);

%pointillés
\draw [very thin,dashed,gray] (0.25,0.09) -- (1.5,0.09);
\draw (0.5,0.09) --++(0,0.025) (0.5,0.09) --++ (0,-0.025) (0.5,0.09) --++ (-0.025,0) (0.5,0.09) --++ (0.025,0);
\node at (0.35,0.2) {A};

\draw (1.25,0.09) --++(0,0.025) (1.25,0.09) --++ (0,-0.025) (1.25,0.09) --++ (-0.025,0) (1.25,0.09) --++ (0.025,0);
\node at (1.4,-0.00) {B};


\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-0.19}),opacity=0.35]
\draw (0.5,0.09) --++(0,0.025) (0.5,0.09) --++ (0,-0.025) (0.5,0.09) --++ (-0.025,0) (0.5,0.09) --++ (0.025,0);
\node at (0.7,0.075) {A'};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,0.185}),opacity=0.35]
\draw (1.25,0.09) --++(0,0.025) (1.25,0.09) --++ (0,-0.025) (1.25,0.09) --++ (-0.025,0) (1.25,0.09) --++ (0.025,0);
\node at (1.435,0.1) {B'};
\end{scope}

\draw [|<->|] (1,0.1)--++(0,0.2) node [midway,left] {h};

\draw [|<->|] (-1.15,-0.65)--++(0,0.35) node [midway,left] {$\ell$};

\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw [->,-latex](0,0) --++ (0,6) node [above] {$P$};
\draw [->,-latex] (0,0) --++ (7,0) node [above] {$V$};
\draw [dashed] (0,1) node [left] {$P_1$} --++ (5,0);
\draw [dashed] (0,5) node [left] {$P_2$} --++ (2,0);
\draw [dashed] (2,0) node [below] {$V_1$} --++ (0,4);
\draw [dashed] (5,0) node [below] {$V_2$} --++ (0,3);
\node at (0,0) {$\bullet$};

\node at(2,5) [above left] {3};
\node at(2,2) [below left] {2};
\node at(5,3) [above right] {4};
\node at(5,1) [below right] {1};

\draw [simple] (5,1) to [bend left=10] (2,2) ;
\node at (3.5,1.15) [rotate=-15]{ \scriptsize Compression};
\draw [simple] (2,2) --++ (0,3) node [sloped,above,midway] {\scriptsize Chauffage};
\draw [simple] (2,5) to [bend right=10] (5,3);
\node at (3.5,3.60) [rotate=-30] { \scriptsize détente};
\draw [simple] (5,3) --++ (0,-2) node [sloped,above=0,midway] {\scriptsize Refroidissement};
%sloped permet une écriture verticale
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
%axe optique
\draw[thin,->](-2,0)--++(14.5,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};

\def \xA{-1.2}; %position de l'objet par rapport à la première lentille
\def \yB{-0.25};%hauteur de l'objet

\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (O2) at (8,0);%centre optique de la deuxième lentille

\def \fUn{1};%focale de la première lentille
\def \fDe{2};%focale de la première lentille
\def \xAA {(\xA*\fUn)/(\xA+\fUn)};%position de l'image
%Les calculs s'effectuent entre accolades
\def \yBB {(\xAA*\yB)/(\xA)};%hauteur de l'image

\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xA,\yB);%sommet de l'objet
\coordinate (AA) at ({\xAA},0);
\coordinate (BB) at ({\xAA},{\yBB});
%Les grandeurs calculées s'utilisent entre accolades
\draw[|->, thick] (A)node[above]{A}--(B)node[below]{B};
\draw[|->, thick] (AA)node[below]{ $\mathrm{A}_1$}--(BB)node[above]{ $\mathrm{B}_1$};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick,<->,>=latex] (0,-2)--++(0,4) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_1$};%lentille convergente
\draw[shift={(O2)},ultra thick,<->,>=latex] (0,-3)--++(0,6) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_2$};%lentille convergente

\draw [simple,red] (B) -- (O1) -- (BB) --++ ($0.335*(BB)-0.335*(O1)$);
\draw [simple,red] (8,1.68) -- (10,0.4) --++ ($1.0*(10,0.4)-1.0*(8,1.68)$);
\draw [dashed] (O2) --++(-2,-0.4) (O2)--++($1.5*(O2)-1.5*(6,-0.4)$);
\draw [dashed,red] (8,1.68)--++($1.0*(8,1.68)-1.0*(10,0.4)$);
\draw [double, blue] (B) --++ (1.2,0);
\draw [double, blue] (B) ++ (1.2,0) -- (1,0) --++($7*(1,0)-7*(0,-0.25)$);
\draw [dashed] (O2) --++(-2,-0.5) (O2)--++($1.5*(O2)-1.5*(6,-0.5)$);
\draw [double,blue] (8,1.76) -- (10,0.48) --++ ($1.0*(10,0.48)-1.0*(8,1.76)$);
\draw [dashed,blue] (8,1.76)--++($1.0*(8,1.76)-1.0*(10,0.48)$);
\draw [dashed,green] (O2)-- (BB)--++($1.0*(BB)-1.0*(O2)$);

\draw[|->, thick] (A)node[above]{A}--(B)node[below]{B};
\draw[|->, thick] (AA)node[below]{ $\mathrm{A}_1$}--(BB)node[above]{ $\mathrm{B}_1$};
\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\fUn}{%boucle à deux entrées
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[above right] {$\mathrm{O}_1$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below right] {$\mathrm{F'}_1$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[above right] {$\mathrm{F}_1$};
}
\foreach \x/\z in {O2/\fDe}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[above right] {$\mathrm{O}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] {$\mathrm{F'}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[above right] {$\mathrm{F}_2$};
}
\draw [dotted,thin] (10,0) --++(0,-0.05) (10,0) --++(0,+0.05) ;
\draw [thick,->,-latex] (5.9,3.05) --++ (-0.5,0.30);
\node at (6.0,3.3) {\tiny \text{Image}};
\draw (7.5,0) to [bend left] (7.55,0.27);
\node at (7.3,0.2) [] {$\alpha'$};
\begin{scope}[shift=({2.63,0})]
\draw (7.5,0) to [bend left] (7.55,0.27);
\node at (7.3,0.2) [] {$\alpha'$};
\end{scope}
\oeil[shift={(12.75,-1.35)},rotate=145,scale=0.9];
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1] %axe optique
\draw[thin,->](-2.5,0)--++(12,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};

\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (O2) at (6,0);%centre optique de la première lentille

\def \fUn{8}; %focale de la première lentille
\def \fDe{-2};%focale de la première lentille
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick,<->,>=latex] (0,-2)--++(0,4) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_1$};%lentille convergente
\draw[shift={(O2)},ultra thick,>-<,>=latex] (0,-2)--++(0,4) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_2$};%lentille divergente
\draw [thick,red, simple] (-2,0.5) --(0,0)--++($3*(0,0)-3*(-2,0.5)$) ; %rayon rouge qui passe par le centre O1
\draw [dashed] (6,0) --++(-2,0.5) (6,0)--++(2,-0.5); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [dashed] (4,0.5) --++($0.5*(4,0.5)-0.5*(6,0)$) ;%parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [dashed,red] (4,0.5) -- (6,-1.5); %prolongement pointillé du rayon rouge divergent
\draw [dashed,red] (4,0.5)--++($0.5*(4,0.5)-0.5*(6,-1.5)$) ;%prolongement pointillé du rayon rouge divergent
\draw [dashed,red] (6,-1.5) --++ ($0.35*(6,-1.5)-0.35*(0,0)$); %prolongement donnant l'image intermédiaire
\draw [thick,red, simple](6,-1.5)--++($0.9*(6,-1.5)-0.9*(4,0.5)$) ; %rayon rouge divergent de l'oculaire

\draw [thick,blue, double] (-2,1) --(0,0.5); %rayon bleu avant O1
\draw [thick,blue, double] (0,0.5)--++($-0.75*(0,0.5)+0.75*(8,-2)$); %rayon bleu jusqu'à L2
\draw [dashed,blue] (0,0.5)++($-0.75*(0,0.5)+0.75*(8,-2)$)--++($-0.3*(0,0.5)+0.3*(8,-2)$); %prolongement bleu donnant image intermédiaire
\draw [thick,blue, double](6,-1.38)--++($0.9*(6,-1.38)-0.9*(4,0.62)$) ;%rayon bleu divergent de l'oculaire
\draw [dashed,blue] (4,0.62) -- (6,-1.38); %prolongement pointillé du rayon bleu divergent
\draw [dashed,blue] (4,0.62)--++($0.5*(4,0.62)-0.5*(6,-1.38)$) ; %prolongement pointillé du rayon bleu divergent
\draw [dashed] (6,0) --++(-2,0.62) (6,0)--++(2,-0.62); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [dashed] (4,0.62) --++($0.5*(4,0.62)-0.5*(6,0)$) ; %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
%Points particuliers
\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\fUn}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[above right] {$\mathrm{O}_1$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below right] {$\mathrm{F'}_1$};
}
\foreach \x/\z in {O2/\fDe}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[above right] {$\mathrm{O}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] {$\mathrm{F'}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[above right] {$\mathrm{F}_2$};
}

%Montrer où est l'image
\draw [thick,->,-latex] (2.9,1.6) --++ (-0.4,0.4);
\node at (3.1,1.8) {\tiny \text{Image}};
%image intermédiaire
\draw[|->, thick,dashed] (8,0)node[above left]{ $\mathrm{A}_1$}--++(0,-2) node[below]{$\mathrm{B}_1$};
\draw [dashed] (8,-2) --(O2); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
%angle alpha
\draw (-1.2,0) to [bend left] (-1.2,0.3);
\node at (-1.4,0.15) [] {\scriptsize $\alpha$};
%angle alpha prim
\draw (5.0,0) to [bend left] (4.9,-0.27);
\node at (5.3,-0.2) [] {\scriptsize $\alpha'$};
\begin{scope}[shift=({1.4,0})]
\draw (5.0,0) to [bend left] (4.9,-0.27);
\fill [white] (5.3,-0.2) rectangle++ (0.15,-0.15) (5.3,-0.2) rectangle++ (-0.15,-0.15) (5.3,-0.2) rectangle++ (-0.15,0.15) (5.3,-0.2) rectangle++ (0.15,0.15);
\node at (5.3,-0.2) [] {\scriptsize$\alpha'$};
\end{scope}

%oeil
\oeil[shift={(8.275,-3.75)},rotate=132,scale=0.75]; \end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\draw[thin,->](-2.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (O2) at (6,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\def \fUn{4};%focale de la première lentille
\def \fDe{2};%focale de la première lentille

\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick,<->,>=latex] (0,-2)--++(0,4) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_1$};%lentille convergente
\draw[shift={(O2)},ultra thick,<->,>=latex] (0,-3)--++(0,6) node[above]{$\mathcal{L}_2$};%lentille convergente
\draw [thick,red, simple] (-2,0.5) --(0,0)--++($3*(0,0)-3*(-2,0.5)$) ; %rayon rouge qui passe par le centre O1
%
\draw [dashed] (6,0) --++(-2,0.5) (6,0)--++(2,-0.5); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [dashed] (8,-0.5) --++($0.5*(8,-0.5)-0.5*(O2)$) ;%parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [red,dashed] (6,-1.5) --++ ($1.5*(6,-1.5)-1.5*(8,-0.5)$); %prolongement rayon vers image
\draw [thick,red, simple](6,-1.5)-- (8,-0.5)--++($0.725*(8,-0.5)-0.725*(6,-1.5)$) ; %rayon rouge divergent de l'oculaire

\draw [thick,blue, double] (-2,1) --(0,0.5); %rayon bleu avant O1
\draw [thick,blue, double] (0,0.5)--++($-1.5*(0,0.5)+1.5*(4,-1)$); %rayon bleu jusqu'à L2
\draw [thick,blue, double](6,-1.75)--++($1.775*(8,-0.75)-1.775*(6,-1.75)$) ;%rayon bleu divergent de l'oculaire
\draw [blue,dashed] (6,-1.75) --++ ($1.5*(6,-1.75)-1.5*(8,-0.75)$); %prolongement rayon vers image

\draw [dashed] (6,0) --++(-2,0.75) (6,0)--++(2,-0.75); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
\draw [dashed] (6,0)++(2,-0.75) --++($0.5*(8,-0.75)-0.5*(6,0)$) ; %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
%Points particuliers
\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\fUn}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] {$\mathrm{O}_1$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below right] {$\mathrm{F'}_1$};
}
\foreach \x/\z in {O2/\fDe}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0.1) node[above left] {$\mathrm{O}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[above left] {$\mathrm{F'}_2$};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[above right] {$\mathrm{F}_2$};
}

\draw [dotted,thin] (8,0) --++ (0,2) (8,0) --++ (0,-2); %plan focal image L2
\draw [thick,->,-latex] (3,-3.1) --++ (-0.5,-0.3);
\node at (2.5,-3.1) {\tiny \text{Image}};
\draw[|->, thick,dashed] (4,0)node[above left]{ $\mathrm{A}_1$}--++(0,-1) node[below]{$\mathrm{B}_1$};
\draw [dashed] (4,-1) --++($2.25*(O2)-2.25*(4,-1)$); %parallèle pointillé noir passant par O2
%Angle alpha
\draw (-1.2,0) to [bend left] (-1.2,0.3);
\node at (-1.4,0.15) [] {\scriptsize $\alpha$};
%angles alpha prim
\draw (5.4,0) to [bend right] (5.5,-0.27);
\node at (5.2,-0.15) [] {\scriptsize $\alpha'$};
\begin{scope}[rotate=180,shift=({-12.05,0})]
\draw (5.4,0) to [bend right] (5.5,-0.27);
\node at (5.2,-0.2) [] {\scriptsize $\alpha'$};
\end{scope}
%oeil
\oeil[shift={(10.15,0.5)},rotate=210,scale=0.75];
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\begin{scope} %Portion de code isolé dans la figure
\node at (-0.6,0) { \centering \boxed{\textbf{\small Plus la focale est courte, plus la profondeur de champ est grande}}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-3.5})] %Portion de code isolé et déplacé de 3.5 vers le bas
\def \taillehaut{2.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{2.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-5};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-6.75};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-4};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{1.5};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image
%rectangle grisé de profondeur de champ \fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-4,0) rectangle (-6.75,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif de focale $\mathrm{f}_1$};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-2)$);

\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below left] {F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] {F};
}
%Ellipse, tache nette \fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (2.14,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-4,1) -- (-6.75,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-9.5})]
%\draw [ultra thin, gray!20] (-6,-6) grid[step=0.5] (6,6);
%\draw [thin,gray!50] (-6,-6) grid[step=1] (6,6);
\def \taillehaut{2.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{2.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-5};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-5.95};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-4.4};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{2};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image
%rectangle grisé de profondeur de champ
\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-4.4,0) rectangle (-5.95,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif de focale $\mathrm{f}_2 >\mathrm{f}_1$};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-2)$);

\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F};
}
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (3.325,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-4.4,1) -- (-5.95,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-12.5})]
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (-5,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\node at (-0.6,0) {: tache qui sera vue nette par la pellicule ou le capteur};
\end{scope} \end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\begin{scope}
\node at (-0.6,0) {\centering \boxed{\textbf{\small Plus la distance de mise au point est grande, plus la profondeur de champ est grande}}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-3.5})]
\def \taillehaut{2.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{2.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-5};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-6.75};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-4};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{1.5};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image
\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-4,0) rectangle (-6.75,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-2)$);

\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below left] {F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] {F};
}
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (2.14,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-4,1) -- (-6.75,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-9.5})]
\def \taillehaut{2.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{2.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-4};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-4.9};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-3.4};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{1.5};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image

\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-3.4,0) rectangle (-4.9,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-2)$);

\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F};
}
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (2.4,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-3.4,1) -- (-4.9,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-12.5})]
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (-5,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\node at (-0.6,0) {: tache qui sera vue nette par la pellicule ou le capteur};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1]
\begin{scope}
\node at (-0.6,0) {\centering \boxed{\textbf{\small Plus l'ouverture de l'objectif est petite, plus la profondeur de champ est grande}}};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-3.5})]
\def \taillehaut{2.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{2.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-5};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-6.75};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-4};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{1.5};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image
\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-4,0) rectangle (-6.75,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-2);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-2)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-2);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-2)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,2)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-2);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-2)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-2)$);
\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below left] {F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] {F};
}
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (2.14,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-4,1) -- (-6.75,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-10.5})]
\def \taillehaut{3.5}; %taille de la lentille
\def \taillebas{3.5};%taille de la lentille
\def \xA{-5};%position de l'objet
\def \xAA {(\xA*\f)/(\xA+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xB{-6.15};%position de l'objet
\def \xBB {(\xB*\f)/(\xB+\f)};%position de l'image
\def \xC{-4.25};%position de l'objet
\def \xCC {(\xC*\f)/(\xC+\f)};%position de l'image
\coordinate (O1) at (0,0);%centre optique de la première lentille
\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (B) at (\xB,0);%position de l'objet
\coordinate (C) at (\xC,0);%position de l'objet
\def \f{1.5};%focale de la première lentille
\coordinate (F') at (\f,0);
\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (B') at ({\xBB},0);%position de l'image
\coordinate (C') at ({\xCC},0);%position de l'image

\fill [gray!50,opacity=0.75] (-4.25,0) rectangle (-6.15,1);
\node at (A) {$\bullet$} ;

\node at (B) {$\bullet$} ;
\node at (C) {$\bullet$} ;
\draw[thin,->](-7.5,0)--++(13,0)node[above right,fill=white]{\tiny +};
\draw[shift={(O1)},ultra thick ,<->,>=latex] (0,-\taillebas)--(0,\taillehaut) node[above]{\scriptsize Objectif};%lentille convergente
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,3);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,3)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,3)$);
\draw[,red,simple] (A)--(0,-3);
\draw[,red,simple] (0,-3)--(A')--++($0.35*(A')-0.35*(0,-3)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,3);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,3)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,3)$);
\draw[,blue,simple] (B)--(0,-3);
\draw[,blue,simple] (0,-3)--(B')--++($0.35*(B')-0.35*(0,-3)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,3);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,3)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,3)$);
\draw[purple,simple] (C)--(0,-3);
\draw[purple,simple] (0,-3)--(C')--++($0.35*(C')-0.35*(0,-3)$);
\foreach \x/\z in {O1/\f}{
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (0,0) node[below left] { O};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] (\z,2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F'};
\draw[shift={(\x)}] ({-\z},2pt) --++ (0,-4pt) node[below] { F};
}
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (2.15,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\draw [|<->|] (-4.25,1) -- (-6.15,1) node [above,midway] {\tiny Profondeur de champ};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[shift=({0,-14.5})]
\fill [gray, opacity=0.75] (-5,0) ellipse (0.10 and 0.19);
\node at (-0.6,0) {: tache qui sera vue nette par la pellicule ou le capteur};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5] \draw [thick] (-15,0) -- (15,0);
\draw [thick] (-15,2) -- (15,2);
\draw [thick] (-15,4) -- (15,4);
\draw [thick] (-15,6) -- (15,6);
\draw [thick] (-15,8) -- (15,8);
\draw [thick] (-15,10) -- (15,10);
\node at(17,1) {$n_1$};
\node at(17,3) {$n_2 < n_1$};
\node at(17,5) {$n_3 < n_2$};
\node at(17,7) {$n_4 < n_3$};
\node at(17,9) {$n_5 < n_4$};
\draw [thick,red,simple] (-15,0) -- (-14,2);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (-14,2) -- (-12,4);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (-12,4) -- (-9,6);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (-9,6) -- (-5,8);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (-5,8) -- (0,10);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (0,10)--(5,8);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (5,8)--(9,6) ;
\draw [thick,red,simple] (9,6)--(12,4) ;
\draw [thick,red,simple] (12,4) -- (14,2);
\draw [thick,red,simple] (14,2) -- (15,0);

\draw [dashed] (-14,1) -- (-14,3);
\draw [dashed] (-12,3) -- (-12,5);
\draw [dashed] (-9,5) -- (-9,7);
\draw [dashed] (-5,7) -- (-5,9);
\draw [dashed] (0,9) -- (0,11);
\draw [dashed] (14,1) -- (14,3);
\draw [dashed] (12,3) -- (12,5);
\draw [dashed] (9,5) -- (9,7);
\draw [dashed] (5,7) -- (5,9); \end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
%miroir
\begin{scope}[rotate=0]
\shadedraw[white,right color=white,left color=gray!50] (0,-2.1)--++(0,4.2)--++(0.7,0)--++(0,-4.2)--cycle; %\shadedraw = dégradé avec les différentes couleurs définies à l'intérieur des crochets

\draw[thick] (0,-2.1)--(0,2.1);
\foreach \z in {-1.9,-1.7, ...,2.1}%masse
{
\draw (0,\z)--++(0.25,-0.15);
}
%fin miroir
\end{scope}
\draw [dotted] (-4,-1.5) --++ (8,0);
\draw [dashed,thin,black] (-3.5,0) --++ (3.5,0) node[near start,fill=white]{\scriptsize{normale}};
\draw [dashed,thin,black] (-3.5,1) --++ (3.5,0);

%rayon
\node at (-3,-1.5) [below]{A};
\draw (-3,-1.45) -- (-3,-1.55);
\draw[thick,simple,red] (-3,-1.5)--(0,0);
\draw[thick,simple,red] (0,0)--(-3,1.5);
%prolongement
\node at (3,-1.5) [below]{A'};
\draw (3,-1.45) -- (3,-1.55);
\draw [dashed,red,thick] (0,0) -- (3,-1.5);
%rayon
\node at (-3,-1.5) [below]{A};
\draw (-3,-1.45) -- (-3,-1.55);
\draw[thick,double,blue] (-3,-1.5)--(0,1);
\draw[thick,double,blue] (0,1)--(-3,3.5);
%prolongement
\node at (3,-1.5) [below]{A'};
\draw (3,-1.45) -- (3,-1.55);
\draw [dashed,blue,thick] (0,1) -- (3,-1.5);
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.85]
\tikzstyle arrowstyle=[scale=1.5]

\node[draw,rounded corners=3pt,minimum width=3cm,minimum
height=3cm,fill=SkyBlue!20] (SO){};
\draw (0,-2.5) node[above] {\small Système optique};

\draw[thin, dashed](-3.5,0)--(4,0);
\draw [->,-latex,blue,ultra thick] (-6,1.5) -- (-1.8,1.5) node [midway,fill=white]{\scriptsize{Espace objet réel}};
\draw [->,-latex,green,ultra thick] (-6,0.75) -- (1.8,0.75) node [midway,fill=white]{\scriptsize{Espace image virtuelle}};
\draw [<-,-latex,red,ultra thick] (6,-0.75) -- (-1.8,-0.75) node [midway,fill=white]{\scriptsize{Espace objet virtuel}};
\draw [<-,-latex,purple,ultra thick] (6,-1.5) -- (1.8,-1.5) node [midway,fill=white]{\scriptsize{Espace image réelle}};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}

\def \rayon {4}% rayon du miroir

\def \xA{-6};%position de l'objet

\def \yB{2};%hauteur de l'objet

\def \f{-0.5*\rayon};%focale

\def \xAA {{(\f*\f)/(\xA-\f)+\f}};%position de l'image : calcul grâce à la relation de conjugaison

\def \yBB {(\f*\yB)/(\f-\xA)};%hauteur de l'image : calcul grâce à la relation de grandissement

\coordinate (S) at (0,0);

\coordinate (F) at (\f,0);%foyer

\coordinate (C) at ({-\rayon},0);%centre de courbure

\coordinate (A) at (\xA,0);

\coordinate (B) at (\xA,\yB);

\coordinate (A') at ({\xAA},0);

\coordinate (B') at ({\xAA},{\yBB});

%Axe optique
\draw[thin,->](-6.5,0)--++(7,0);

%Objet

\draw[thick,->,>=latex] (A)node{$\bullet$}--(B);

%Images

\draw[thick,->,>=latex] (A')node{$\bullet$}--(B');

%Rayon qui arrive parallèle à l'axe optique
\draw[thick,simple,red] (B)--(0,\yB);
\draw[thick,simple,red] (0,\yB)--(B')--++($0.3*(B')-0.3*(0,\yB)$);

%Rayon qui passe par le foyer
\draw[thick,double,blue] (B)--(0,{\yBB});
\draw[thick,double,blue] (0,{\yBB})--(B')--++($0.3*(B')-0.3*(0,{\yBB})$);

%Rayon qui passe par le sommet qui ressort avec le même angle que l'angle d'incidence

\draw[thick,simplegros,orange] (B)--(0,0);
\draw[thick,simplegros,orange](0,0)--(B')--++($0.3*(B')-0.3*(0,0)$);

%Rayon qui passe par le centre C qui n'est pas dévié

\draw[thick,doublegros,green] (B) --(B');
\draw[thick,doublegrosrev,green] (B') --++($-1*(B)+1*(B')$);

%Miroir

\draw[ultra thick] (S)--++(0,2)--++(120:0.3);
\draw[ultra thick] (S)--++(0,-4.5)--++(-120:0.3);
\foreach \y in {1.9,1.7,1.5,1.3,...,0}{
\draw [black](0,\y)--++(0.25,-0.15);
}
\foreach \y in {4.5,4.3,...,0}{
\draw [black](0,-\y)--++(0.25,-0.15);
}
%Fin miroir


%Points particuliers
\foreach \xtext in {A,C,F}
\draw[shift={(\xtext)}] (0pt,2pt) -- (0pt,-2pt) node[below] {\xtext};
\foreach \xtext in {A',B}
\draw[shift={(\xtext)}] node[above] {\xtext};
\draw[shift={(B')}] node[below] {B'};


\draw[shift={(S)}] node[below right=0.1cm,fill=white] {S};
\node at (0,2) [right=0.1cm,fill=white] {H};
\node at (0,-1) [right=0.1cm,fill=white] {H'};
\end{tikzpicture}